"""
.. _starmap_example:

STARmap processing example
==========================
This notebook demonstrates the processing of STARmap data using starfish. The data we present here
is a subset of the data used in this `publication`_ and was generously provided to us by the
authors.

.. _publication: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat5691

"""

from IPython import get_ipython
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# equivalent to %gui qt and %matplotlib inline
ipython = get_ipython()
ipython.magic("gui qt5")
ipython.magic("matplotlib inline")

matplotlib.rcParams["figure.dpi"] = 150

###################################################################################################
# Visualize raw data
# ------------------
# In this starmap experiment, starfish exposes a test dataset containing a single field of view.
# This dataset contains 672 images spanning 6 rounds (r), 4 channels (ch), and 28 z-planes (z).
# Each image is 1024x1024 (y, x)
#
# To examine this data, the vignette displays the max projection of channels and rounds. Ideally,
# these should form fairly coherent spots, indicating that the data are well registered. By
# contrast, if there are patterns whereby pairs of spots are consistently present at small
# shifts, that can indicate systematic registration offsets which should be corrected prior to
# analysis.

from starfish import data
from starfish import FieldOfView
from starfish.util.plot import imshow_plane
from starfish.types import Axes

experiment = data.STARmap(use_test_data=True)
stack = experiment['fov_000'].get_image(FieldOfView.PRIMARY_IMAGES)

ch_r_max_projection = stack.reduce({Axes.CH, Axes.ROUND}, func="max")

f = plt.figure(dpi=150)
imshow_plane(ch_r_max_projection, sel={Axes.ZPLANE: 15})

###################################################################################################
# Visualize the codebook
# -----------------------
# The STARmap codebook maps pixel intensities across the rounds and channels to the corresponding
# barcodes and genes that those pixels code for. For this dataset, the codebook specifies 160 gene
# targets.

print(experiment.codebook)

###################################################################################################
# Registration
# ------------
# Starfish exposes some simple tooling to identify registration shifts.
# starfish.util.plot.diagnose_registration takes an ImageStack and a set of selectors,
# each of which maps Axes objects to indices that specify a particular 2d image.
#
# Below the vignette projects the channels and z-planes and examines the registration of those
# max projections across channels 0 and 1. To make the difference more obvious, we zoom in by
# selecting a subset of the image, and display the data before and after registration.
#
# It looks like there is a small shift approximately the size of a spot in the x = -y direction
# for at least the plotted rounds
#
# The starfish package can attempt a translation registration to fix this registration error.

from starfish import image

projection = stack.reduce({Axes.CH, Axes.ZPLANE}, func="max")
reference_image = projection.sel({Axes.ROUND: 0})

ltt = image.LearnTransform.Translation(
    reference_stack=reference_image,
    axes=Axes.ROUND,
    upsampling=1000,
)
transforms = ltt.run(projection)

###################################################################################################
# How big are the identified translations?

from pprint import pprint

pprint([t[2].translation for t in transforms.transforms])

###################################################################################################
# Apply the translations

warp = image.ApplyTransform.Warp()
stack = warp.run(
    stack=stack,
    transforms_list=transforms,
)

###################################################################################################
# Show the effect of registration.

from starfish.util.plot import diagnose_registration

post_projection = stack.reduce({Axes.CH, Axes.ZPLANE}, func="max")

f, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(ncols=2)
sel_0 = {Axes.ROUND: 0, Axes.X: (500, 600), Axes.Y: (500, 600)}
sel_1 = {Axes.ROUND: 1, Axes.X: (500, 600), Axes.Y: (500, 600)}
diagnose_registration(
    projection, sel_0, sel_1, ax=ax1, title='pre-registered'
)
diagnose_registration(
    post_projection, sel_0, sel_1, ax=ax2, title='registered'
)
f.tight_layout()

###################################################################################################
# The plot shows the slight offset has been corrected.

###################################################################################################
# Equalize channel intensities
# ----------------------------
# The second stage of the STARmap pipeline is to align the intensity distributions across
# channels and rounds. Here we calculate a reference distribution by sorting each image's
# intensities in increasing order and averaging the ordered intensities across rounds and
# channels. All (z, y, x) volumes from each round and channel are quantile normalized against
# this reference.
#
# Note that this type of histogram matching has an implied assumption that each channel has
# relatively similar numbers of spots. In the case of this data this assumption is reasonably
# accurate, but for other datasets it can be problematic to apply filters that match this
# stringently.

from starfish import ImageStack
from starfish.util.plot import intensity_histogram

mh = image.Filter.MatchHistograms({Axes.CH, Axes.ROUND})
scaled = mh.run(stack, in_place=False, verbose=True, n_processes=8)

def plot_scaling_result(
    template: ImageStack, scaled: ImageStack
):
    f, (before, after) = plt.subplots(ncols=4, nrows=2)
    for channel, ax in enumerate(before):
        title = f'Before scaling\nChannel {channel}'
        intensity_histogram(
            template, sel={Axes.CH: channel, Axes.ROUND: 0}, ax=ax, title=title,
            log=True, bins=50,
        )
        ax.set_xlim((0, 1))
    for channel, ax in enumerate(after):
        title = f'After scaling\nChannel {channel}'
        intensity_histogram(
            scaled, sel={Axes.CH: channel, Axes.ROUND: 0}, ax=ax, title=title,
            log=True, bins=50,
        )
        ax.set_xlim((0, 1))
    f.tight_layout()
    return f

f = plot_scaling_result(stack, scaled)

###################################################################################################
# Find spots
# ----------
# Finally, a local blob detector that finds spots in each (z, y, x) volume separately is applied.
# The user selects an "anchor round" and spots found in all channels of that round are used to
# seed a local search across other rounds and channels. The closest spot is selected,
# and any spots outside the search radius (here 10 pixels) is discarded.
#
# The Spot finder returns an IntensityTable containing all spots from round zero. Note that many
# of the spots do not identify spots in other rounds and channels and will therefore fail
# decoding. Because of the stringency built into the STARmap codebook, it is OK to be relatively
# permissive with the spot finding parameters for this assay.

import numpy as np
from starfish.spots import FindSpots

bd = FindSpots.BlobDetector(
    min_sigma=1,
    max_sigma=8,
    num_sigma=10,
    threshold=np.percentile(np.ravel(stack.xarray.values), 95),
    exclude_border=2)

spots = bd.run(scaled)

###################################################################################################
# Decode spots
# ------------
# Next, spots are decoded. There is really no good way to display 3-d spot detection in 2-d planes,
# so we encourage you to grab this notebook and uncomment the below lines.

from starfish.spots import DecodeSpots
from starfish.types import TraceBuildingStrategies

decoder = DecodeSpots.PerRoundMaxChannel(
    codebook=experiment.codebook,
    anchor_round=0,
    search_radius=10,
    trace_building_strategy=TraceBuildingStrategies.NEAREST_NEIGHBOR)

decoded = decoder.run(spots=spots)

decode_mask = decoded['target'] != 'nan'

# %gui qt
# viewer = starfish.display(stack, decoded[decode_mask], radius_multiplier=2, mask_intensities=0.1)